Core Architecture: 45 nanometer Transistor Technology

According to Moore's Law, the transistor density on processor circuit doubles every two years. Only a year ago, companies released their processors using 65 nanometer transistor technology but today, Intel has announced that it has made a significant breakthrough with technology using 45 nanometer transistors with different materials. This new technology increases transistor density in processors over twice the current value.

Over the last 10-15 years, manufacturers have used silicon dioxide (SiO2) insulators inside transistors, but the increase of transistors have caused these insulator walls to become much thinner. This is not good as the insulators are designed to prevent current leakage from the transistors which causes additional heat release, power consumption and even damage to the chip. Therefore, the 45 nanometer technology brings forth new materials into the production of the transistors. We will discuss more on the materials in future posts as for now the focus is more on the 45 nanometer transistors.

This new transistor breakthrough allows manufacturers to continue delivering high end computers, laptops, servers, etc. Besides more functionality, it also decreases cost for customers. Compared to the 65 nanometer, the new 45 nanometer provides the following benefits :

• Increased transistor count (Mentioned above)
• 20% faster transistor switching speed which will deliver higher core speeds and increased instructions per clock cycle
• Extend energy efficiency by reducing transistor switching power
• Higher cache memory and front side bus speed.

This new technology is due to release in the second half of this year. So those planning for an upgrade should wait to check out these new processors.